This paper analyzed the consequences of Financial Reporting convergence towards Integrated Reporting in Iran's capital market focusing on agency cost and cost of equity capital. In order to measure the Financial Reporting convergence towards Integrated Reporting, a checklist has been used which designed based on the international Integrated Reporting framework. The agency cost measured using the efficiency criterion based on the ratio of operational expenses to operational revenues. The cost of equity capital estimated based on the expected rate of return using the capital assets pricing model. The research population includes 144 firms listed in the Tehran Securities & Exchange over March 2016 till March 2021. Multivariable regression models were used to test research hypotheses. The findings showed that increase in convergence level of firms’ Financial Reporting with Integrated Reporting framework has reduced agency cost and cost of equity capital. These findings suggested that focusing on the benefits of Integrated Reporting through transparency and completeness of information disclosure has weakened agency conflicts and reduced agency costs. In addition, Integrated Reporting has reduced the cost of capital in financing decisions due to the adoption of sustainable business model from Integrated thinking and the reduction of information asymmetry due to greater transparency for more informed forecasting.

Objective: Considering the importance of Corporate Governance and its impact on Financial Reporting quality, in this study, the impact of corporate governance on Financial Reporting quality (FRQ) has been investigated by using different criteria to measure the FRQ’ s components (12 models) and four dimensions of corporate governance, including audit, board structure, transparency and disclosure and the ownership structure. Methods: Using a combination of technical data for 102 companies the listed on Tehran Stock Exchange during the 7 year period 2006 to 2013 and by deploying Structural Equation Modeling and Partial Least Squares method. Results: The results show that there is a significant relationship between corporate governance and Financial Reporting quality. Our findings are consistent with the research results in emerging markets. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that two dimensions of corporate governance, auditor and ownership structure dimensions, have a significant impact on Financial Reporting quality (FRQ).

ObjectiveThere are always incentives for agency problems in firms due to potential conflicts of interest among managers, shareholders, and stakeholders. Therefore, efforts to disclose appropriate and high-quality information are one of the approaches to reduce agency conflicts. Since Integrated Reporting is viewed as a future-oriented approach, it is crucial to assess the potential consequences of adopting an Integrated Reporting framework on Financial Reporting quality, taking agency motives into account This research analyzed the impact of the level of Reporting convergence toward an Integrated framework on Financial Reporting quality and agency conflicts. MethodsTo measure Reporting convergence toward Integrated Reporting, a checklist was used that was designed based on the international Integrated Reporting framework. The Integrated Reporting framework is principles-based. The purpose of this framework is to establish guiding principles and content elements that govern the overall content of an Integrated report. The guiding principles underpin the preparation and presentation of an Integrated report, informing the content and how information is presented, while the content elements provide details of the information to be reported. Earnings quality, as a proxy for Financial information quality, was assessed based on the inverse absolute value of residuals' standard deviation derived from an accrual model at the firm level. Agency cost, as a proxy for conflict of interest, was measured using an efficiency criterion based on the ratio of operational expenses to operational revenues. The research population includes 144 firms listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange over seven years from March 2016 to March 2023. Multivariable panel regression models, based on firm-year observations, were used to test the research hypotheses. ResultsThe findings showed that an increase in convergence level toward an Integrated Reporting framework improved earnings quality and reduced agency costs. Additionally, although agency costs reduced earnings quality, information disclosure based on Integrated Reporting mitigated this effect, thereby improving reported earnings quality. Firms that have a higher level of information disclosure following the Integrated Reporting framework use fewer earnings management tricks and exhibit higher earnings quality. Furthermore, the impact of implementing Integrated Reporting on earnings quality can be influenced by agency costs. Integrated Reporting, as a superior information disclosure mechanism, strongly relates to Financial information quality in firms facing agency costs. The effectiveness of Integrated Reporting is more pronounced in firms with agency problems. ConclusionThe results indicated that the improvement in transparency and completeness of information disclosure, due to the Reporting convergence toward an Integrated framework, increases Financial information quality, especially earnings quality, over time. In addition, focusing on the benefits of Integrated Reporting mitigates agency conflicts and reduces agency costs. Acceptance of new Reporting approaches requires studying their dimensions and possible future consequences. Since the movement toward an Integrated Reporting framework in Iran is not accompanied by specific requirements, it is suggested to analyze the challenges, opportunities, threats, drivers, barriers, and consequences of the Integrated Reporting approach by focusing on the information needs of interested groups.

Objective The purpose of this research is to design a comprehensive and holistic model in the field of factors affecting the improvement of the quality of Financial Reporting and internal control in companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange The absence of a comprehensive model that encompasses the factors affecting Financial Reporting quality, with clear classification and specific indicators, has motivated this research. By considering Integrated Reporting and internal controls, along with the dimensions identified in previous studies, this research aims to assist managers and experts in adopting a more holistic view of Financial Reporting and Integrated control. This approach seeks to safeguard stakeholder interests by summarizing, combining, and classifying relevant categories and concepts.   Methods This research is quantitative in nature, with an applied purpose. It is also a survey in terms of data collection methodology. The statistical population of the study included faculty members and professors of Financial management and accounting at Tehran universities, experts from the Stock Exchange and Financial and auditing institutions located in Tehran province, and Financial and accounting managers of companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. Since the most basic application of factor analysis is to reduce the number of variables to a limited number of factors that usually indirectly affect the main variable, this method was used in this study to analyze the data and reduce the number of variables.   Results From the selected sample, 168 people responded to the questionnaires, which were used in the research data analysis. According to the studies conducted concerning the research topic and also according to the results obtained from other researches, studies, articles and research projects and the results of the questionnaire, 41 variables were identified, and after further investigation and consultation with the elites, 11 variables are part of Other variables were considered; Therefore, they were included in its inclusion, thus 30 variables were identified as effective factors on the quality of Integrated Financial Reporting and internal control of listed companies. After applying factor analysis, the Kaiser criterion was used to determine the number of factors. Based on this criterion, five factors with eigenvalues greater than 1 were identified as extractable. These factors collectively explained 91.396% of the total variance of the variables.   Conclusion In the presented model, the factors were ranked as follows based on their total factor loadings: management factors with a total factor load of 6.039, legal and regulatory factors with a total factor load of 3.127, organizational and strategic factors with a total factor load of 3.038, cultural and social factors with a total factor load of 2.961, and market structure-related factors with a total factor load of 2.415. These were determined as the most important factors, respectively.

Efficient market hypothesis predicts that capital markets are beset with cer-tain biases which result from wrong estimation, and negatively influence shareholders’ expectations for higher returns, which in turn affects invest-ment efficiency, Financial constraints and corporate performance efficacy in competitive markets, and eventually mitigates firm value. The present study aims Financial Reporting language Bad on Aggressive Financial Reporting Investor protection over the period 2013-2017. Earnings forecast error and CEOs’ overconfidence biases serve as the measure of CEO’ s perceptual biases, the model developed by Biddle et al (2009) is employed to proxy for investment efficiency, and KZ model is also adopted to calculate financing constraints. The results reveal that both earnings forecast error and overconfidence biases negatively affect investment efficiency, while they positively influence cor-porate financing constraints. These results indicate that CEO’ s perceptual biases creates a constraint on financing, and, on the other hand, reduces the efficiency of corporate investments. Under these conditions, the trust and confidence of investors and shareholders in relation to the company will be reduced, and the company will face negative features like the risk of a Financial crisis.

The growth of international trade and capital flow and the growing economic cohesion over the past three decades has led to the harmonization of accounting standards among countries. With the adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) in many countries of the world, and the announcement by the IranianSecurities and Exchange Organization of the requirement to impose standards for a group of companies under the supervision of that organization, the main objective of this study is to examine the impact of the implementation of international Financial Reporting standards on quality Financial Reporting in Iran. To this end the effect of applying IFRS on thequalityof identifying and measuring transactions, the quality of identifying and measuring assets and liabilities, the quality of presentation and disclosure of Financial statements, and the qualitative characteristics of Financial information, is investigated. A survey approach is used to conduct research. The statistical population of this research includes academic and professional experts. Number of questionnaires is sent to the respondents and 117are collected. According to the results of one sample T-test, the implementationof the International Financial Reporting Standards improves the process of identifying and measuring transactions, assets and liabilities, increasing the quality of presentation and disclosure of Financial statement components, and the overall quality of Financial Reporting.

Purpose: The purpose of this research is to study the effect of Financial stress on the timeliness of accounting Financial Reporting in companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange.Method: In order to investigate this goal, two explanatory hypotheses and information related to 152 stock exchange member companies for the period of 2017 to 2022 were analyzed. The regression model used in this research was a panel data method with a combined approach.Results:The results showed that Financial stress has a positive and significant relationship with the start and finish of preparing Financial reports, but it has no positive but significant relationship with late registration.Conclusion:According to the findings of the research, management decisions can reduce Financial stress and be effective in the timely presentation of Financial reports to help investors as an effective informational and operational tool in the evaluation, analysis and analysis of reports.Contribution:This study will provide evidence of its impact on the timeliness of accounting Financial Reporting as one of the effective factors in investment by using updated indicators involved in Financial stress. It seems that these indicators have not been investigated so far and The results of the review develop the theoretical literature in this field. Also, the findings can help in recognizing and reducing the level of Financial stress indicators in companies and also be useful for investors who seek to reduce risk and riskiness of investment.

According to some accountants, Financial Reporting in the islamic countries should be based on fairness, goodness and morality. This study examined the possibility of modifying the conventional framework for Reporting in line with Islamic accounting objectives and to adapt the process of recognition and Reporting Financial events in accordance with the Shari'a principles. The research method is combination (qualitative and quantitative). In the qualitative section of the content analysis method, with the help of the Qur'an, Religious' Fatwa and the results of previous studies, the necessity of modifying some of the components of the conventional conceptual framework were expressed In the quantitative section, by using the two separate questionnaires, the viewpoints of 30 religious scholar and 73 Financial specialists (faculty members of the universities, official accountants and senior experts of Tehran Stock Exchange) in 2018 were obtained and analyzed by using the single-group T test. The results show Reporting on the basis of fair values, measuring earnings based on the balance sheet approach, presentation of the value added statement, disclosure of the cash flows arising from the religious funds, providing a list of the assets subject to Zakat, disclosure of the doubtful deals and submitting the ecological requirements checklist leads to greater transparency and more accurate assessment of the performance of managers, better evaluating the risk of investment in the enterprises and thire social-religious responsibilities.